"act up" meaning in English

See act up in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /ækt ˈʌp/ [UK], [ækˈtɐʔp] [UK], /ækt ˈʌp/ [US], [ækˈtʌp̚] [US], /ækt ˈap/ [General-Australian], [ækˈtäp] [General-Australian] Audio: en-au-act up.ogg Forms: acts up [present, singular, third-person], acting up [participle, present], acted up [participle, past], acted up [past]
enPR: ŭp [UK], ŭp [US] Rhymes: -ʌp Head templates: {{en-verb|*}} act up (third-person singular simple present acts up, present participle acting up, simple past and past participle acted up)
  1. (intransitive, idiomatic) To misbehave; to cause trouble. Tags: idiomatic, intransitive Synonyms: carry on, act out, play up Coordinate_terms: kick up Translations (to misbehave, to cause trouble): petoli (Esperanto), kiukutella (Finnish), vihoitella (Finnish), oikutella (Finnish), enquiquiner [informal] (French), énerver (French), courir sur le haricot [colloquial] (French), importuner [formal] (French), péter les pruneaux [vulgar] (French), faire n'importe quoi (French), déconner (French), rendetlenkedik (Hungarian), rosszul viselkedik (Hungarian), haututū (Maori), hīanga (Maori), tīhoihoi (Maori), rozrabiać [imperfective] (Polish), psocić [imperfective] (Polish), broić [imperfective] (Polish), łobuzować [imperfective] (Polish), dokazywać [imperfective] (Polish), dawać się we znaki [imperfective] (Polish), dać się we znaki [perfective] (Polish), alterarse (Spanish), dar guerra (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-act_up-en-verb-unxn9~QP Disambiguation of 'to misbehave, to cause trouble': 100 0
  2. (intransitive, idiomatic) To perform the duties of an appointment senior to that actually held; to deputise for a superior. Tags: idiomatic, intransitive
    Sense id: en-act_up-en-verb-6o5gCWn5 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English phrasal verbs formed with "up", Entries with translation boxes, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Terms with Esperanto translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with Hungarian translations, Terms with Maori translations, Terms with Polish translations, Terms with Spanish translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 26 74 Disambiguation of English phrasal verbs formed with "up": 33 67 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 35 65 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 22 78 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 18 82 Disambiguation of Terms with Esperanto translations: 38 62 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 39 61 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 40 60 Disambiguation of Terms with Hungarian translations: 38 62 Disambiguation of Terms with Maori translations: 39 61 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 42 58 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 31 69
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: throw a tantrum

Inflected forms

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "acts up",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acting up",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acted up",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acted up",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*"
      },
      "expansion": "act up (third-person singular simple present acts up, present participle acting up, simple past and past participle acted up)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "53 47",
      "word": "throw a tantrum"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "coordinate_terms": [
        {
          "word": "kick up"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              13,
              19
            ]
          ],
          "text": "My allergies act up during hay fever season.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              13,
              19
            ]
          ],
          "text": "Children may act up in class in an effort to get attention.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              15,
              24
            ]
          ],
          "text": "My car started acting up after I drove through that huge puddle.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To misbehave; to cause trouble."
      ],
      "id": "en-act_up-en-verb-unxn9~QP",
      "links": [
        [
          "misbehave",
          "misbehave"
        ],
        [
          "trouble",
          "trouble"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive, idiomatic) To misbehave; to cause trouble."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "carry on"
        },
        {
          "word": "act out"
        },
        {
          "word": "play up"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "idiomatic",
        "intransitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "lang_code": "eo",
          "sense": "to misbehave, to cause trouble",
          "word": "petoli"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "lang_code": "fi",
          "sense": "to misbehave, to cause trouble",
          "word": "kiukutella"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "lang_code": "fi",
          "sense": "to misbehave, to cause trouble",
          "word": "vihoitella"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "lang_code": "fi",
          "sense": "to misbehave, to cause trouble",
          "word": "oikutella"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "lang_code": "fr",
          "sense": "to misbehave, to cause trouble",
          "tags": [
            "informal"
          ],
          "word": "enquiquiner"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "lang_code": "fr",
          "sense": "to misbehave, to cause trouble",
          "word": "énerver"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "lang_code": "fr",
          "sense": "to misbehave, to cause trouble",
          "tags": [
            "colloquial"
          ],
          "word": "courir sur le haricot"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "lang_code": "fr",
          "sense": "to misbehave, to cause trouble",
          "tags": [
            "formal"
          ],
          "word": "importuner"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "lang_code": "fr",
          "sense": "to misbehave, to cause trouble",
          "tags": [
            "vulgar"
          ],
          "word": "péter les pruneaux"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "lang_code": "fr",
          "sense": "to misbehave, to cause trouble",
          "word": "faire n'importe quoi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "lang_code": "fr",
          "sense": "to misbehave, to cause trouble",
          "word": "déconner"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "lang_code": "hu",
          "sense": "to misbehave, to cause trouble",
          "word": "rendetlenkedik"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "lang_code": "hu",
          "sense": "to misbehave, to cause trouble",
          "word": "rosszul viselkedik"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "lang_code": "mi",
          "sense": "to misbehave, to cause trouble",
          "word": "haututū"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "lang_code": "mi",
          "sense": "to misbehave, to cause trouble",
          "word": "hīanga"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "lang_code": "mi",
          "sense": "to misbehave, to cause trouble",
          "word": "tīhoihoi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "lang_code": "pl",
          "sense": "to misbehave, to cause trouble",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "rozrabiać"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "lang_code": "pl",
          "sense": "to misbehave, to cause trouble",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "psocić"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "lang_code": "pl",
          "sense": "to misbehave, to cause trouble",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "broić"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "lang_code": "pl",
          "sense": "to misbehave, to cause trouble",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "łobuzować"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "lang_code": "pl",
          "sense": "to misbehave, to cause trouble",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "dokazywać"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "lang_code": "pl",
          "sense": "to misbehave, to cause trouble",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "dawać się we znaki"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "lang_code": "pl",
          "sense": "to misbehave, to cause trouble",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "dać się we znaki"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "lang_code": "es",
          "sense": "to misbehave, to cause trouble",
          "word": "alterarse"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "lang_code": "es",
          "sense": "to misbehave, to cause trouble",
          "word": "dar guerra"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "26 74",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 67",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English phrasal verbs formed with \"up\"",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "35 65",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Entries with translation boxes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 78",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 82",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "38 62",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "39 61",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "40 60",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with French translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "38 62",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "39 61",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Maori translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "42 58",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Polish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 69",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              9
            ]
          ],
          "text": "Acting up is always recommended when you find yourself under a new boss.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To perform the duties of an appointment senior to that actually held; to deputise for a superior."
      ],
      "id": "en-act_up-en-verb-6o5gCWn5",
      "links": [
        [
          "perform",
          "perform"
        ],
        [
          "duties",
          "duty"
        ],
        [
          "appointment",
          "appointment"
        ],
        [
          "senior",
          "senior"
        ],
        [
          "deputise",
          "deputise"
        ],
        [
          "superior",
          "superior"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive, idiomatic) To perform the duties of an appointment senior to that actually held; to deputise for a superior."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "idiomatic",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "enpr": "ŭp",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ækt ˈʌp/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ækˈtɐʔp]",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "ŭp",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ækt ˈʌp/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ækˈtʌp̚]",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ækt ˈap/",
      "tags": [
        "General-Australian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ækˈtäp]",
      "tags": [
        "General-Australian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-act up.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/En-au-act_up.ogg/En-au-act_up.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/En-au-act_up.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌp"
    }
  ],
  "word": "act up"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English multiword terms",
    "English phrasal verbs",
    "English phrasal verbs formed with \"up\"",
    "English verbs",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:English/ʌp",
    "Rhymes:English/ʌp/2 syllables",
    "Terms with Esperanto translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with Hungarian translations",
    "Terms with Maori translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "acts up",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acting up",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acted up",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "acted up",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*"
      },
      "expansion": "act up (third-person singular simple present acts up, present participle acting up, simple past and past participle acted up)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "throw a tantrum"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English idioms",
        "English intransitive verbs",
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "coordinate_terms": [
        {
          "word": "kick up"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              13,
              19
            ]
          ],
          "text": "My allergies act up during hay fever season.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              13,
              19
            ]
          ],
          "text": "Children may act up in class in an effort to get attention.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              15,
              24
            ]
          ],
          "text": "My car started acting up after I drove through that huge puddle.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To misbehave; to cause trouble."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "misbehave",
          "misbehave"
        ],
        [
          "trouble",
          "trouble"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive, idiomatic) To misbehave; to cause trouble."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "carry on"
        },
        {
          "word": "act out"
        },
        {
          "word": "play up"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "idiomatic",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English idioms",
        "English intransitive verbs",
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              9
            ]
          ],
          "text": "Acting up is always recommended when you find yourself under a new boss.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To perform the duties of an appointment senior to that actually held; to deputise for a superior."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "perform",
          "perform"
        ],
        [
          "duties",
          "duty"
        ],
        [
          "appointment",
          "appointment"
        ],
        [
          "senior",
          "senior"
        ],
        [
          "deputise",
          "deputise"
        ],
        [
          "superior",
          "superior"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive, idiomatic) To perform the duties of an appointment senior to that actually held; to deputise for a superior."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "idiomatic",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "enpr": "ŭp",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ækt ˈʌp/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ækˈtɐʔp]",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "ŭp",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ækt ˈʌp/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ækˈtʌp̚]",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ækt ˈap/",
      "tags": [
        "General-Australian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ækˈtäp]",
      "tags": [
        "General-Australian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-act up.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fc/En-au-act_up.ogg/En-au-act_up.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/En-au-act_up.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌp"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "lang_code": "eo",
      "sense": "to misbehave, to cause trouble",
      "word": "petoli"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "to misbehave, to cause trouble",
      "word": "kiukutella"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "to misbehave, to cause trouble",
      "word": "vihoitella"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "to misbehave, to cause trouble",
      "word": "oikutella"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense": "to misbehave, to cause trouble",
      "tags": [
        "informal"
      ],
      "word": "enquiquiner"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense": "to misbehave, to cause trouble",
      "word": "énerver"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense": "to misbehave, to cause trouble",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial"
      ],
      "word": "courir sur le haricot"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense": "to misbehave, to cause trouble",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ],
      "word": "importuner"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense": "to misbehave, to cause trouble",
      "tags": [
        "vulgar"
      ],
      "word": "péter les pruneaux"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense": "to misbehave, to cause trouble",
      "word": "faire n'importe quoi"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense": "to misbehave, to cause trouble",
      "word": "déconner"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense": "to misbehave, to cause trouble",
      "word": "rendetlenkedik"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "lang_code": "hu",
      "sense": "to misbehave, to cause trouble",
      "word": "rosszul viselkedik"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "lang_code": "mi",
      "sense": "to misbehave, to cause trouble",
      "word": "haututū"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "lang_code": "mi",
      "sense": "to misbehave, to cause trouble",
      "word": "hīanga"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "lang_code": "mi",
      "sense": "to misbehave, to cause trouble",
      "word": "tīhoihoi"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "sense": "to misbehave, to cause trouble",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "rozrabiać"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "sense": "to misbehave, to cause trouble",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "psocić"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "sense": "to misbehave, to cause trouble",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "broić"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "sense": "to misbehave, to cause trouble",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "łobuzować"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "sense": "to misbehave, to cause trouble",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "dokazywać"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "sense": "to misbehave, to cause trouble",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "dawać się we znaki"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "sense": "to misbehave, to cause trouble",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "dać się we znaki"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "to misbehave, to cause trouble",
      "word": "alterarse"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "sense": "to misbehave, to cause trouble",
      "word": "dar guerra"
    }
  ],
  "word": "act up"
}

Download raw JSONL data for act up meaning in English (6.4kB)

{
  "called_from": "page/2530",
  "msg": "skipping string in the middle of translations: </table></div></div>\n\n",
  "path": [
    "act up"
  ],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "act up",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (96027d6 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.